Supplements

EPA and DHA from fish oil have strong cardiovascular and cognitive evidence — but dose, form, and freshness matter more than most labels suggest.

A plant alkaloid with strong clinical evidence for lowering blood sugar, often compared to metformin in efficacy for glycemic control.

A mitochondrial coenzyme critical for cellular energy production, with good evidence for heart health support and addressing statin-related depletion.

The active compound in turmeric with solid anti-inflammatory evidence, though poor bioavailability limits its effectiveness without enhanced formulations.

Decent trial evidence for shortening a cold or flu once you're sick — weak evidence it prevents one, and no legitimate claim to COVID-19 protection.

The most common testosterone-booster ingredient on the shelf — real strength-training data, but the most rigorous recent trial moved saliva testosterone, not blood.

A small, real weight-loss effect that only shows up when EGCG is paired with caffeine — plus a rare but well-documented liver-injury risk at high doses.

A newer entrant in oral form — RCT evidence backs skin hydration and mild knee osteoarthritis relief, but trials are small and often blend HA with other ingredients.

Broccoli-derived compound that activates the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, with emerging evidence for metabolic and neuroprotective benefits.

A real hepatoprotective bile acid backed by small clinical trials in liver and metabolic disease — sold to healthy people as a 'detox' with no evidence to support that use.

A flavonoid abundant in chamomile with preliminary evidence suggesting mild relaxation and neuroprotective properties, though human data remains thin.

The flagship weight-loss trial behind the ACV hype was retracted for implausible data in 2025 — and gummies don't even replicate vinegar's modest, real glucose effect.

A real adrenal hormone that declines sharply with age — genuine hormonal effects are well documented, but proven functional benefits in healthy adults are thin, and it's banned in competitive sport.

Marketed as the first essential fatty acid discovered since omega-3 — the evidence for that claim comes almost entirely from the company that sells it.

The best-selling joint supplement in the world — and the largest trial ever run on it found glucosamine alone worked no better than a sugar pill.

A tar-like Himalayan mineral resin with one legitimate testosterone RCT behind it and a real, well-documented heavy-metal contamination problem.